Study Guide –Desmond and Emirbayer, Chapter 2 1. When did the term “race” obtain its modern meaning? 2. Which two European countries, according to the authors, had more influence than others in creating the system of racial classification we know today? 3. During the fourteenth century, which country’s citizens were regarded as nothing short of “savages” to England? 4. What form of identity could we see in its beginning stages within fifteenth century Spain? 5. Which term refers to a historical era marked by the rise of nationalism, development of capitalism, global expansion, and disenchantment of the world and rapid growth of scientific knowledge? 6. What term refers to when a foreign power invades a territory and establishes en...
Stereotype threat - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The phenomenon was later examined by the social psychologists Claude Steele and Joshua Aronson, who articulated the mechanism of "stereotype threat" that contributes to test performance of minority groups. In one such study, Steele and Aronson (1995) administered the Graduate Record Examination to European American and African American students. Half of each group was told that their intelligence was being measured, while the other half didn't know what the test was measuring. The European American students performed almost equally in the two conditions of the experiment. African Americans, in contrast, performed far worse than they otherwise would have when they were told their intelligence was being measured. The researchers concluded this was because stereotype threat made the students anxious about confirming the stereotype regarding African American IQ. The researchers found that the difference was even more notice...
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