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Multiracial Identity and the U.S. Census, ProQuest Discovery Guides In 1973 FICE produced a report on access to higher education among Chicano, Puerto Rican, and Native American students. Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare Caspar Weinberger latched on to the part of the report that explained the absence of useful data on ethnic and racial groups because of a lack of common definitions. A year later an ad hoc committee was formed to solve this problem, which developed guidelines to make "compatible" and "nonduplicative" categories of race used by all federal agencies. One of the stipulations was that racial categories could not be combined or overlapped. In effect, this reinforced the system of mutually exclusive racial categories, and it led to the creation of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Directive No. 15: Standards for the Classification of Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity. The standard issued in 1977 defined five main racial categories.

Race in Brazil - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia However, some studies, focusing in the difference between self- and alter-classification show that this phenomenon is far more complex than "money whitens". For instance, according to a study conducted by Paula Miranda-Ribeiro and André Junqueira Caetano among women in Recife, while there is significant inconsistency between the "parda" and "preta" categories, most women are consistently classified by themselves and interviewers into "brancas" and non-brancas. 21,97% of women were consistently classified as White, and 55.13% of women were consistently classified as non-White, while 22.89% of women where inconsistently classified. But the inconsistently classified women reveal an important aspect of economic "whitening". "Self-darkening" women, i.e., those who view themselves as "pretas" or "pardas" but are classified as "brancas" by the interviewer...

Who’s Hispanic? - Pew Hispanic Center Q. What about Brazilians, Portuguese, and Filipinos? Are they Hispanic? A. They are in the eyes of the Census if they say they are, even though these countries do not fit the official OMB definition of "Hispanic" because they are not Spanish speaking. For the most part, people who trace their ancestry to these countries do not self-identify as Hispanic when they fill out their Census forms. Only about 4% of immigrants from Brazil do so, as do just 1% of immigrants from Portugal or the Philippines.3 These patterns reflect a growing recognition and acceptance of the official definition of Hispanics. In the 1980 Census, about one in six Brazilian immigrants and one in eight Portuguese and Filipino immigrants identified as Hispanic. Similar shares did so in the 1990 Census, but by 2000, the shares identifying as Hispanic dropped to levels close to those seen today.

Why the U.S. Census Misreads Hispanic and Arab Americans - TIME Many feel the Census also needs to fine-tune its idea of what is and isn't Hispanic. It tends to define Latin America as just the Spanish-speaking countries of the western hemisphere, when the term also encompasses Portuguese-speaking Brazil. It also includes Spaniards in the "Hispanic Origins" box, when in fact a Spaniard is a European, not a Hispanic.

The Hispanic Population (C2KBR/01-3) [PDF 509k] Go to page 3, Table 1. Census 2000 Briefs and Special Reports Series HISPANIC OR LATINO BY TYPE Hispanic or Latino (of any race) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,305,818 100.0 Mexican . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,640,711 58.5 Puerto Rican . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,406,178 9.6 Cuban. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,241,685 3.5 Other Hispanic or Latino. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,017,244 28.4 Dominican (Dominican Republic) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 764,945 2.2 Central American (excludes Mexican) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,686,937 4.8 Costa Rican. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,588 0.2 Guatemalan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372,487 1.1 Honduran . . . . . ...

Census 2000 Briefs and Special Reports Series The OMB defines Hispanic or Latino as “a person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin regardless of race.” In data collection and presentation, federal agencies are required to use a minimum of two ethnicities: “Hispanic or Latino” and “Not Hispanic or Latino.”

Race and Arab Americans before and ... - Google Books

UCOP Student Affairs: Publications Undergraduate Access to the University of California After the Elimination of Race-Conscious Policies see table on page 19

Prop 209: Ten Long Years Students and community activists agree that the ideal of "color blindness" that has come to dominate the way race is discussed (or not) in this country has presented the most difficult challenge to raising awareness about Prop 209's regressive effects on diversity. Eva Paterson, president of the Equal Justice Society and an African-American Berkeley Law School alum, believes there's a dire need to get the issue of race back on the table. "Color blindness is an absurd concept," she says. "The only way I can live in a color-blind society is if I have a bag over my head."

Passing (racial identity) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Another example of passing: During World War Two in Nazi Germany and the rest of Europe, Jewish people who looked "Aryan" (had lighter hair and blue eyes) would try to pass for Aryan to avoid being shipped off to concentration and death camps by the Nazis. An extreme example is the story of Edith Hahn Beer; she was a Jewish woman who was able to “pass" as Aryan, and survived the Holocaust by living with and marrying a Nazi officer. Mrs. Hahn-Beer wrote a memoir called: The Nazi Officer's Wife: How One Jewish Woman Survived the Holocaust. [4]

South Africa: Honorary Whites - TIME It all recalled Hermann Göring's retort in 1934 when told that a favorite Munich art dealer was a non-Aryan: "I shall decide who is a Jew around here."

Honorary whites - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Honorary Whites is a term that was used by the apartheid regime of South Africa as a designation for the Japanese people, which granted them almost all of the same rights and privileges as Whites (except for the right to vote, as well as being exempt from conscription), after a trade pact was formed between South Africa and Japan in the early 1960's, when Tokyo's Yawata Iron & Steel Co. offered to purchase 5,000,000 tons of South African pig iron, worth more than $250,000,000, over a ten-year period.[1] With such a huge deal in the works, Prime Minister Hendrik Verwoerd determined that it would be tactless to subject the Japanese people to the same restrictions as other non-White ethnicities, since trade delegations from Japan would now regularly visit South Africa for business. Thenceforth, Pretoria's Group Areas Board publicly announced that all Japanese people would be considered White, at least for purposes of resid...

One Drop: My Father's Hidden Life — a Story of Race and Family Secrets - Bliss Broyard - Books - Review - New York Times But for Broyard to construct a white identity required the ruthless and cowardly jettisoning of his black family. He would later lamely tell his children that their grandmother and their two aunts, one of them with tell-tale dark skin, simply didn’t interest him. During the 1960s, he expressed no sympathy for the civil rights movement, opposed, his daughter writes, to a movement that required “adherence to a group platform rather than to one’s ‘essential spirit.’ ”

Passing (racial identity) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The 20th-century writer and critic Anatole Broyard was a Louisiana Creole who chose to pass for white in his adult life in New York City and Connecticut, in part because he wanted to create an independent writing life. He married an American woman of European descent. His wife and many of his friends knew he was partly black. His daughter Bliss Broyard did not find out until after her father's death. In 2007 she published a memoir that traced her exploration of her father's life and family mysteries entitled One Drop: My Father's Hidden Life - A Story of Race and Family Secrets.

Which 1/2 white 1/2 black famous people can pass for white? - Yahoo! UK & Ireland Answers Best Answer - Chosen by Asker Nicole Richie http://www.babble.com/CS/blogs/famecrawl… Jennifer Beals http://justlikejessejames.files.wordpres… Vin Diesel http://images.askmen.com/galleries/men/v… Mariah Carey http://images.askmen.com/galleries/celeb…

Cuesta College Race and Ethnicity Question

The Questions on the Form - 2010 Census

Estimating the Stability of Racial Classifications in Brazil This study presents a method to estimate the degree to which people change their racial/ethnic identity from one census enumeration to another. The technique is applied to the classification of skin color in Brazil (white, black, brown, yellow). For 1950/1980 period, the findings show a deficit of 38 percent in the black category, and a gain of 34 percent in the brown category, suggesting that a large proportion of individuals who declared themselves black in 1950 reclassified themselves as brown in 1980. Estimates for the 1980/1990 period, adjusted for the effects of international migration, reveal a similar pattern, although the magnitude of color reclassification may have declined somewhat during the 1980s. Procedures to determine the stability of racial/ethnic identity produce data especially useful to recent policy initiatives that rely on demographic censuses to measure changes in the status of minority groups in develo...

California QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau The concept of race as used by the Census Bureau reflects self-identification by people according to the race or races with which they most closely identify. These categories are socio-political constructs and should not be interpreted as being scientific or anthropological in nature. Furthermore, the race categories include both racial and national-origin groups. The racial classifications used by the Census Bureau adhere to the October 30,1997, Federal Register Notice entitled,"Revisions to the Standards for the Classification of Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity" issued by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). The OMB requires five minimum categories (White, Black or African America, American Indian and Alaska Native, Asian, and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander) for race. The race categories are described below with a sixth category, "Some other race," added with OMB approval.In addition to the five r...